![]() ![]() It was like a farmer seeing a fertile field for the first time.” Dr. Previous studies in Europe showed that retinoic acid greatly damaged the skin, however these results did not diminish Kligman’s interest in this acid. After three years researching skin hardness, Kligman turned his studies to acidic Vitamin A, known as tretinoin or retinoic acid. While some hardening of the skin was achieved, many of the substances used were so toxic that intense blistering resulted. In these tests, Kligman applied strong acids and other irritants to the skin in order to observe the results. Army financed his early experiments at Holmesburg, which tested the hardening process of the skin. Kligman was initially invited to Holmesburg Prison to help treat an outbreak of athlete’s foot, but quickly saw the potential of the prison as a limitless supply of test subjects on which he could experiment without consequence. Prisoners were paid to participate in studies that involved radioactive isotopes, dioxin (a known carcinogen that leads to birth defects and skin diseases), and other gruesome experiments. Albert Kligmanĭuring the 1950s and 1960s, prison inmates were commonly used for the preliminary testing of experimental drugs, and Holmesburg Prison was no exception. Kligman studied skin ailments such as dandruff and athlete’s foot during this time, and his highly regarded status as a researcher allowed him access to test subjects at both the University of Pennsylvania and at the nearby Holmesburg Prison, located in Philadelphia. in 1947, Kligman began to work at the University of Pennsylvania hospital and taught dermatology at the medical school. Kligman chose to specialize in dermatology since he mistakenly assumed that the field of dermatology would deal with fungal infections, however he quickly found that fungi only play a small role in skin diseases. Without any other plans, Kligman decided his only choice was medical school, enrolling at the University of Pennsylvania. ![]() Unfortunately the government cancelled the trip, possibly due to Kligman’s affiliations with the Communist Party. government asked Kligman to travel to South America in order to find plants that could cure insect-borne diseases such as malaria. ![]() Kligman then attended the University of Pennsylvania, receiving his doctorate in botany with a focus on fungi in 1942. Albert Kligman, began his education at the Pennsylvania State University, earning his bachelor’s degree in botany in 1939. Dermatologist Albert Kligman, developer of Retin A. ![]()
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